You are here >HomeProgrammesUpcoming Programmes National Consultation on Women Farmers and Collective Farming 8th and 9th September, India Habitat Center, New Delhi
Sat11Feb 2012
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‘Landing for Change’ National Consultation on ‘Women farmers and Collective Farming’. 8th and 9th September 2010, Casuarina Hall, India Habitat center, New Delhi. Organised by: Initiatives: Women In Development
Women and Agriculture in India
Rural women in India are extensively involved in agriculture. Women are majorly involved in agricultural activities like seed production, sowing, weeding, transplanting, threshing, manuring, post harvest operations, live stock maintenance etc., where as men involve in limited activities like ploughing, spraying pesticides and so on. Today in India, 75 percent of the women work force and 85 percent of rural women involve in agriculture and allied activities where as only 53 percent of men contribute to agriculture (the percentage is decreasing). This scenario clearly indicates that women play a major role in food production and take up enormous efforts to ensure food security of the nation.
Denial of the Status of Farmer and lack of recognition for the contribution
In spite of the significant role played by women in agricultural operations, women’s contribution has hardly ever received any recognition in the society and has always been taken for granted. In return to the intense labour contributed by women in the field of agriculture, the government and the society has not even conferred the status of farmers to women that prevents them from availing credits, compensation and relief benefits.
Exploitation of Labour from Women and Reduction to the state of landless laborers
Despite the comparatively less labour that men put in agriculture they enjoy the status of farmers in society and control and access over land and its produce. Women regardless of their intense labour and share of heavier work burden get very low return in terms of wages and recognition and their decision making in land related matters is negligent. Women are rendered penny less and reduced to the state of landless laborers in the family which severely impacts women’s livelihood and income security. Landlessness of women reduces their status and renders them as insignificant members of the family and society. The reduction of the status of women agriculturists to the status of mere agriculture labourers and family laborers calls for a change in the social construct.
Agrarian Economy- The Grim situation
Economists and policy makers proclaim that India has shifted from agrarian economy to industrial economy and agriculture and related policies are drafted without taking reality into account. In reality a vast majority of Indians are still involved in agriculture related activities as mentioned earlier (See paragraph 1). Agricultural policy of India has always been dominated by the male perspective and has excluded the women’s concerns. The shift from food crops to cash crops, have badly affected the nutritive level of the rural households and women are burdened with additional responsibility of rectifying the damage caused. (Nursing during illness, fighting malnourishment of children, sourcing vegetables and grains for cooking etc.,). The capital intense agriculture promoted by the government, increase in input costs of agriculture, the highly fluctuating agrimarkets, withdrawal of farm subsidy, absence of easy credit leads to loss of interest in continuing farming as a livelihood option. Suicides by farmers are on the rise and it is estimated that per year 16000 farmers commit suicide. Rapid industrialization and the tendency of governments to disregard agriculture sector and deprive the interests of the farmers leads to increase in desperate migration of male farmers to cities in search of alternatives. In addition, enormous health care expenses met by the people due to absence of effective health policy; poor budget allocation and alcoholism by men cause erosion of family economy. This leads to debt-trap that in turn causes loss of land – mortgaged or sold. Women are left in the villages with children and elders to take care without livelihood resources and options. This grim situation leads to faminization of agriculture and feminization of poverty. Women’s voices towards ensuring household food security and call towards healthy living by putting an end to chemical intense farming has always been discarded. All these factors strongly demand inclusion of women’s voices in agrarian related policies.
Vulnerability to violence- Individual land ownership by women
In the present day context, individual land holdings by women will not completely actualize the redemption of social status to women as even the meager percent of women who owned land in their names could not enjoy their right over land. Their male relatives decide on matters over land and they predominantly merchandise the produce and enjoy the benefits. Also Procuring land pattas to individual landless women may lead to potential threats and violence against women. Women could be battered by men for the transfer of property or could be forced to sell the piece of land. Hence women prefer to continue as laborers and hesitate to go for land in their names in consideration of the violence associated with property holding. It becomes necessary to adopt an effective alternate strategy to attain land rights for women and ensure their economic independence.
Collective ownership-A renewed strategy
Women’s joint access and control over land or collective ownership of land by women through ‘ Collective farming’ could be proposed as an effective strategy to ensure women’s land rights. Collective farming also initiates collective resource sharing by women, strengthens their unity, and consolidates women’s strength to check violence against women.
IWID’s campaign on Land Rights for Women:
It is in the above background, as a first step towards the campaign on land rights for women, IWID started off its field research and local level awareness meetings to analyze the ground reality and identify methods to consolidate women agriculturists.
In the initial local level meetings held by IWID with women farmers in a few states; the status of women in the family, working pattern of women in farm households, denial of right to land to women, the social and political status associated with land holding were explored and women were sensitized on the importance of land rights.
With increased understanding on the importance of land rights, an important determinant of social status and political power- the joint achievement of land rights by women was envisaged as an effective strategy. The concept of collective farming was hence evolved and introduced to women, which was well imbibed by landless Dalit women laborers. A few pioneer models namely the DDS model of Andhra pradesh, Kudumbasri model of Kerala added to our understanding on Collective Farming.
The challenges and Benefits of Collective Farming
The challenges and benefits of collective farming were analyzed in depth with the group of women who ventured into collective farming.
Challenges:
Availability of land
Geographical influence – soil, water, climate
Cultural and political constraints
Team work on co-partnership
Exercising collective decision- making
Benefits:
Collective farming upholds the social status of women collectively
It leads to resource building and sharing among women
It ensures social security to women
Frees women from humiliating and exploiting labour extraction
Ensures poison free food and land redemption
It ensures household food security
The collectivities of women can address violence related issues
Land ownership- The symbol of political and economic power
Land Rights and Land ownership ensures social status to people and is one of the major determinants of the political status in society. Men have attained social and political status as they are primarily the owners of land. The peasants or farmers bodies emerged on the basis of land ownership were solely dominated by men. These farmers associations also shape politics by being ‘vote banks’ and ‘building cadres and supporters for political bodies’. Indian political scene has witnessed many leaders of farmers playing a key role with ministerial positions. Women holding less than 1 percent of land, at the global level are forced to be in subordinate positions in the family and in the society and are refrained from political power because of landlessness and not being organized as ‘women farmers’. Moreover, studies have shown that Women in matrilineal communities in India with land rights are less prone to violence than other women. Hence attainment of land rights and ensuring control and access over land to women could gradually increase the political, economic and cultural status of women.
This situation calls for strengthening / initiation of movements and networks to work towards attainment for land rights for women farmers with appropriate strategies.
National consultation on Land Rights for Women farmers and Collective Farming
Reinstating the status of Women through Collective Farming; Echoing women’s voices in Agriculture and related Policies
In consideration of the above situation, IWID attempts to bring change in the lives of rural women whose livelihood is based on land, in association with individuals, networks and movements with similar mission and vision. As an initial step towards this goal, Initiatives: Women In Development proposes to conduct aNational consultation on Land Rights for Women farmers and Collective farming at India Habitat center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 on 8th and 9th September 2010. The specific objectives of this consultation are to:
Consolidate aspiring women across the nation to come together and work towards attainment of land rights and to strengthen the approaches and strategies in their respective states and territories.
Constitute a Women’s lobby force to influence agriculture related policies and to echo the voices of women in Agriculture and related policies at the national and global level.
Promote collective farming units across the nation, as a strategy to meet the above objectives.
Agrarian Economy- The Grim situation
Economists and policy makers proclaim that India has shifted from agrarian economy to industrial economy and agriculture and related policies are drafted without taking reality into account. In reality a vast majority of Indians are still involved in agriculture related activities as mentioned earlier (See paragraph 1). Agricultural policy of India has always been dominated by the male perspective and has excluded the women’s concerns. The shift from food crops to cash crops, have badly affected the nutritive level of the rural households and women are burdened with additional responsibility of rectifying the damage caused. (Nursing during illness, fighting malnourishment of children, sourcing vegetables and grains for cooking etc.,). The capital intense agriculture promoted by the government, increase in input costs of agriculture, the highly fluctuating agrimarkets, withdrawal of farm subsidy, absence of easy credit leads to loss of interest in continuing farming as a livelihood option. Suicides by farmers are on the rise and it is estimated that per year 16000 farmers commit suicide. Rapid industrialization and the tendency of governments to disregard agriculture sector and deprive the interests of the farmers leads to increase in desperate migration of male farmers to cities in search of alternatives. In addition, enormous health care expenses met by the people due to absence of effective health policy; poor budget allocation and alcoholism by men cause erosion of family economy. This leads to debt-trap that in turn causes loss of land – mortgaged or sold. Women are left in the villages with children and elders to take care without livelihood resources and options. This grim situation leads to faminization of agriculture and feminization of poverty. Women’s voices towards ensuring household food security and call towards healthy living by putting an end to chemical intense farming has always been discarded. All these factors strongly demand inclusion of women’s voices in agrarian related policies.
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